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光纖全(quan)光網(wang)絡，是指信號只是在進(jin)出網(wang)絡時進(jin)行電/光變換(huan)和光/電變換(huan)，由于波分(fen)復(fu)用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術遠比光時分(fen)復(fu)用(yong)(yong)技(ji)術成熟，所以，波分(fen)復(fu)用(yong)(yong)系統現在是寬帶通信網(wang)中(zhong)最有前途(tu)的傳輸系統。

駐地(di)網(wang)(wang)，就是運營商到用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)之(zhi)間的“最后一公里”接(jie)入(ru)網(wang)(wang)。　　用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)駐地(di)網(wang)(wang)(Customer Premises Network，簡稱CPN)，是指(zhi)以有線或(huo)無線方式，從用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)駐地(di)業務集(ji)中(zhong)點到用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)終端之(zhi)間的傳輸及(ji)線路等(deng)相關(guan)設施，通常指(zhi)運營商為(wei)家(jia)庭(ting)客戶(hu)提供(gong)有線寬帶(dai)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)資源而投資建設的小(xiao)區FTTH。用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)駐地(di)可以是一個居民小(xiao)區，也可以是一棟或(huo)相鄰(lin)的多棟寫字樓，但不包括城域(yu)范圍內的接(jie)入(ru)網(wang)(wang)。駐地(di)網(wang)(wang)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)結(jie)構

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公路隧(sui)道(dao)機電系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設計(ji)為(wei)了實(shi)現(xian)其(qi)安全(quan)、可靠(kao)、可控、經濟、穩定、便捷等功能，劃分(fen)為(wei)以(yi)下八(ba)大系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、通風(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、交通控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、火災檢測報警與消防(fang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、通信與廣播系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、緊急(ji)疏散控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、中(zhong)(zhong)央控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、供(gong)配電系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等進行設計(ji)。　　一、照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)　　隧(sui)道(dao)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是十大系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)重要的設施(shi)之一，根(gen)據《公路隧(sui)道(dao)通風(feng)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)設計(ji)規范》JTJ026.1-1999 規定，長度大于(yu)100米的隧(sui)道(dao)都應設置(zhi)電光照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)設施(shi)。按照(zhao)(zhao)視覺(jue)適(shi)應的要求(qiu)，隧(sui)道(dao)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)主要由白天照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)和夜(ye)晚照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)兩種工況組成，分(fen)為(wei)洞(dong)內(nei)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)和洞(dong)外照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，洞(dong)內(nei)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)包括入口段、中(zhong)(zhong)間段、過渡段、

智(zhi)慧城市國內外發展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)狀和(he)趨勢智(zhi)慧城市是城市數字化向更高層次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，核心是體現(xian)(xian)(xian)以人為本、智(zhi)能運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)，利(li)用物(wu)(wu)聯網、云計算等(deng)新一代信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技術全(quan)面感知城市的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀態，提(ti)高人與物(wu)(wu)、物(wu)(wu)與物(wu)(wu)之間(jian)交互(hu)的(de)(de)(de)明確性(xing)、靈活性(xing)、執行(xing)效率和(he)響(xiang)應速度對(dui)物(wu)(wu)理(li)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)空(kong)間(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)各種實(shi)體對(dui)象更加精確、智(zhi)能和(he)直觀的(de)(de)(de)控制和(he)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，提(ti)高對(dui)各種實(shi)體系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)整體優(you)化掌控、實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)虛擬空(kong)間(jian)和(he)物(wu)(wu)理(li)現(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)空(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)同步(bu)互(hu)動(dong);通(tong)過海量的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)收(shou)集和(he)存(cun)儲分析能力(li)，深入(ru)挖掘(jue)各種系統(tong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)直接或間(jian)接聯系、發現(xian)(xian)(xian)規律并提(ti)出方(fang)法，為更智(zhi)慧的(de)(de)(de)決策和(he)行(xing)動(dong)提(ti)供支持，達到提(ti)高政府公共(gong)服務